Class Warfare Dungeon World Pdf 27 1 !FULL!
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Restrictions are not that bad; there is that old saying that it is easy to carve an elefant from a block of marble by simply cutting away anything that does not look like an elefant. Knowing what you do NOT want is important. There does not have to be every race, subrace, class and subclass possible in your world. If it is, your world will loose a lot of credibility and focus.
Having XP when you fail? I thought that was a really good move too. How they handle death and so on all fitting on one sheet, no complaints from me (the special moves) but now we get to where dungeon world is a bit lacking and I would agree with you probably.
In his two books against Salmasius, Milton then committed almostevery mistake in the whole schedule of psychological warfare. He movedfrom his own ground of argument over to the enemy's. He wrote at excessivelength. He indulged in some of the nastiest name-calling to befound in literature, and went into considerable detail to describe Salmasiusin unattractive terms. He slung mud whenever he could. Thebooks are read today, under compulsion, by Ph.D. candidates, but no oneelse is known to find them attractive. It is not possible to find that thesebooks had any lasting influence in their own time. (In these texts writtenby Milton in Latin but now available in English, Army men wearying ofthe monotonous phraseology of basic military invective can find extensiveadditions to their vocabulary.) Milton turned to disappointmentand poetry; the world is the gainer.
The Boers, on the other hand, made a stir throughout the world.They got in touch with the Germans, Irish, Americans, French, Dutch,and everybody else who might criticize Britain. They stated their caseloudly and often. They waged commando warfare, adding the wordcommando to international military parlance, and sent small units deepinto the British rear, setting off a mad uproar and making the worldpress go crazy with excitement. When they finally gave in, it was onreasonable terms for themselves; they left the British with an internationallyblacked eye.
In the first place, the psychologist can bring to the attention of thesoldier those elements of the human mind which are usually kept outof sight. He can show how to convert lust into resentment, individualresourcefulness into mass cowardice, friction into distrust, prejudice intofury. He does so by going down to the unconscious mind for his sourcematerials. (During world War II, the fact that Chinese babies remainunimpeded while they commit a nuisance, while Japanese babies areeither intercepted or punished if they make a mess in the wrong place,was found to be of significant importance in planning psychologicalwarfare. See below, page 154.)
It is not possible to separate public relations from psychological warfarewhen they use the same media. During World War II, the Office ofWar Information prepared elaborate water-tight plans for processingwar news to different audiences; at their most unfortunate, such plansseemed to assume that the enemy would listen only to the OWI stations,and that the American public releases issued from Army and Navywould go forth to the world without being noted by the enemy. If aradio in New York or San Francisco presented a psychological warfarepresentation of a stated battle or engagement, while the theater or fleetpublic relations officer presented a very different view, the enemy pressand radio were free to choose the weaker of the two, or to quote the twoAmerican sources against each other.
Psychological warfare has become familiar. The problems of psychologicalwarfare for the future are problems of how better to apply it, notof whether to apply it. Accordingly, it is to be defined more for thepurpose of making it convenient and operable than for the purpose offinding out what it is. The whole world found out by demonstration,during World Wars I and II.
What the Germans failed to learn in World War I, they later learnedand applied in World War II. The German Imperial Government startedin 1914 with a defiant assurance of its own power. Power was not soughtamong the masses so far as Kaiser Wilhelm was concerned; one inheritedit from one's ancestors, along with an army, and the masses had betterkeep their noses out of it. The Hitlerite German government of 1939began its world war only after two decades of shrewd, conscienceless,bitter domestic propaganda. Hitlerism had come to power by first wooingand then bullying the common man, and the Nazi chiefs, in theirstrategy of terror or "warfare psychologically waged," subsequentlyapplied the same tactics to the international community. Hitler conqueredEurope with these tactics; he started with flattery, made scenes,and ended with cold brutality. These were the skills of the urban slum.
Such a frame of mind led to a very deadly kind of psychological warfare.The Bolsheviks despised their opponents, desiring to "liquidate"them (this meant breaking down a group and preventing its reformingas a group, but came above all to mean mass murder). They were soantagonistic to the "capitalist" world that they hated God, patriotism,national history, churches, money, private property, chastity, marriage,and verse that rhymed, all with equal intensity. Moscow became theMecca for the eccentrics and malcontents of the world and for someyears Russia was in fact looser in morals than any other civilized country.
They had cause for alarm though not for the reasons they supposed.Much of the magic of Bolshevik propaganda arose from its takingup where British, French and American propaganda left off. The psychological [Pg 73]warfare of the Allies had made the sad mistake of promisinga new, a better world to everyone on earth. When the war ended,and conditions went back to normal, many people in the world did notconsider "normalcy" the fulfillment of that better world. The Bolshevikpropaganda reaped the harvest which the Allied propagandist had sownand then left untended. Expectations, whipped up beyond normal,turned to Bolshevism when the Western democracies abandoned bothdomestic and foreign propaganda operations. The strategic advantageof Bolshevik propaganda was overwhelming. The Allies had gottenthe world ready for it, so that the wild Utopia of the Leninists temporarilymade sense to millions.
The theme throughout was plain: the world revolution is coming, byinescapable economic laws discovered by our theory. The world revolution,which will come, will remove the owning classes from controlof the productive capital, and will put all capital in the hands of theworkers. "The expropriators will be expropriated." Thereupon theeconomic laws we have found in Marx's books will cease their bad influence [Pg 74]and will guarantee world peace, world prosperity, happiness,human freedom. This is not an appeal (they said); this is science. Thisis objective. We know. Listen!
On the German side, the German radio had the forced attention ofthe entire world. As long as the Germans had the strategic initiative forfield warfare, they were in a position to make news scoops whenever itsuited them. The security policies of the Allies often gave the Germans amonopoly of news on a given operation. There was never any dangerthat the Germans were not listened in on; the danger the Nazi operatorshad to worry about was disbelief. Hence the Germans tried to keep amoderate tone in their news, tried to prepare between crises for the newsthat would become sensational during crises.
No clear victor emerged from the Anglo-German radio war; the victoryof the United Nations gave the British the last say. In the opinionof many, the British were one war ahead of the United States. They hadprofited by their World War I experience, and by their two years' operationallead which they had on the Americans. But side-by-side with theGermans, it is harder to appraise their net achievements. The Britishhad immense political advantages; the resentment of a conquered continentworked for them. But they had disadvantages too. The enemyworked from the starting point of a fanatical and revolutionary philosophy;the British had the tedious old world to offer. The postwar interrogations [Pg 88]of civilians in Germany showed that an amazingly high proportionof them had heard BBC broadcasts, and that many of the ideasand attitudes which the British propagandized were actually transmittedto the enemy. On the British side, it is almost impossible to find anysurviving traces of the effect of Nazi propaganda. Had the war beenpurely a radio war this test might be conclusive. But if psychologicalwarfare supplements combat, combat certainly supplements propaganda.The great British and American air raids over Europe unquestionablycreated an intense interest in British and American plans andpurposes.
In the latter phase of the European war, the Russian Communists followedthe German Nazi example of having tame natives ready to takeover the government of occupied areas. In Poland, the so-called LublinCommittee took over the government from the constitutional PolishGovernment-in-exile at London. In Jugoslavia, the Russian-trained propagandist,Tito, seized the leadership from the recognized Minister ofWar, Draja Mikhailovich, after the British and American governmentshad shifted their support to him; later Mikhailovich was put to death.The Russian army brought along to Germany a considerable number ofGerman Communists. In Czechoslovakia the strength of the constitutionalregime was such as to compel the pro-Russians to allow the prewarleadership a precarious toehold in the new government. The samecadres of sympathetic persons who had been useful as propagandasources for psychological warfare during the period of hostilities becameuseful instruments of domination after hostilities ended. TheBritish and Americans, with their belief that government should springfrom the liberated and defeated peoples, did not prepare and equipcomparable groups to rival the Communist candidates; only in Italy andGreece did the friends of the Western Allies stay in power, and thenonly because they were the nearest equivalent of de jure authorities. Inthe Scandinavian and Low Countries the national leadership reemergedwithout prodding or interference by the Western Allies; theypassed from the sphere of psychological warfare (that is, of beingsomeone's cover) to that of world politics. 2b1af7f3a8